Objective: * Resistivity of Semiconductors by Four Probe Method at Different Temperatures * Determination of the Band-gapThe Four Probe Method is one of the standard and most widely used method for the measurement of resistivity of semiconductors.In this arrangement the contact resistance may all be high compare to the sample resistance, ..

From the early spectroscopic work it is clear that atoms emitted radiation at discrete frequencies; from Bohr’s model, the frequency of the radiation n is related to the change of energy levels through DE=hn. It is then to be expected that transfer of energy to atomic electrons by any mechanism should always be in discrete amounts. One such mechani..

Gouys 's MethodApparatus for Measurement of Susceptibility of Paramagnetic Solids by Gouy’s MethodIn the Gouy’s method of susceptibility measurement, the solid sample in the form of a long cylinder (area of cross section A) is hung from the pan of a balance and is placed such that one end of the sample is between the pole-pieces of the magnet (fiel..

Objective : Determination of Planck's ConstantWork Function of Materials by Photoelectric EffectIt was observed as early as 1905 that most metals under influence of radiation, emit electrons. This phenomenon was termed as photoelectric emissionThe energy of emitted photo-electrons can be measured by simple retarding potential techniques as is done ..

Apparatus for the Measurement of Susceptibility of Paramagnetic Solution by Quinck’s tube MethodIt was established by Faraday in 1845 that magnetism is universal property of every substance. He classified all magnetic substances into two classes, viz., paramagnetic and diamagnetic. Weber, later on, tried to explain para and diamagnetic properties o..

Introduction:Dielectric or electrical insulating material are understood as the material in which electrostic field can persist for long times. Layers of such substance are commonly inserted into capacitors to improve their perfomance, and the term dielectric refers specifically to this application.An electric field polarizes the molecules of diele..

Objective: The Zeeman effect is the splitting of spectral lines of atoms when they are placed in a magnetic field. It exhibits space quantization and is one of the few fundamental atomic physics experiments which can be performed in a teaching laboratory.Description of the experimental setupExperimental Set-up for Zeeman ExperimentThe set-up consis..